It is about reflecting on the research work in History approaching different areas, in order to contribute to the elaboration of the research projects that will be developed by the students in their PhD.

To this end, it is intended to work with themes related to access to information and knowledge management, from the traditional forms to the most current ones, namely those that use artificial intelligence, debating its implications for the production of knowledge. In this line, the objective is to reflect on the concept of academic integrity and on the notions of novelty and originality in academic writing.

It is also intended to make known and discuss traditional theoretical-methodological conceptions, but above all the most recent ones, thus permeating narrative history, micro-history, quantitative history, comparative and connected history, global history, among others.

In the same way, an attempt will be made to deepen the methodology for dealing with sources of different natures and, finally, the methodology for preparing the historiographical text.

Each student will have to focus on a subject of historical interest, of any time and of any theme (political, religious, social, among many others) and present a concrete plan, with specific objectives, in order to be able to develop the work in stages. , not necessarily in a row, as you can write the first chapter not first, but in every chapter there has to be a harmony and a following of logical thinking.

The plan must be presented in a synthetic way, but perfectly elaborated so as to be, as already mentioned, perceptible from all points of view.

The historiographical option chosen for the seminar is based on the idea that historical facts result from theoretical interpretation schemes that, in the case of knowledge of the modern period, converge between philosophy, sociology, history and law. Thus, the objectives of the curricular unit are the following:

• Provide a conceptual tool suitable for the study of modernity;
• Articulate this conceptual background with the theoretical guidelines of its leading authors;
• Apply this theoretical knowledge to interpret European “reality” in the political, social, cultural and international relations domains;
• Know the structuring structures of political and social systems in Portugal between the Restoration and Liberalism;
• Interpret the evolution and rupture of government and administration models;
• Explain and understand the relationship between the French invasions and the emergence of liberalism.

• Define the context of archaeosciences in the defense and safeguarding of Cultural Heritage
• Provide conceptual resources necessary for archaeological intervention.
• Characterize the nature of the archaeological intervention and its applicability
• Describe the process of preparing an archaeological intervention.
• Identify and apply the different methodologies of archaeological intervention in the field, in terms of processes and strategies.

The seminar seeks to situate the student in the diversity of specializations existing within the discipline of History of Art, as a presupposition for the scrutiny of the most appropriate methodology for the research project to be developed.

The chronological scope will be delimited between the final period of the Absolute Monarchy to the II Republic (1750-1974), choosing as a central theme the manifestations of Public Art, seen in a European context, through case studies in an environment of stability and political crisis, in a multidisciplinary perspective.

It seeks to fill the existing historiographical gap, opened on the border between the History of Architecture and Urbanism, and the student should be able to read Public Art in its respective contexts, and be able to recognize the more specific aspects (artistic and symbolic) of the monuments under analysis.

It seeks to create skills for the development of monographic studies.

• Acquisition of knowledge and skills on:
• What is a doctoral thesis;
• What is a doctoral thesis for?
• How to write a doctoral thesis;
• How to do research;
• Formal organization of a doctoral thesis;
• Advisor role;
• Joint guidance and its specificity;
• Presentation and public discussion of the thesis.